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我不是你們的敵人——求一看此文

你未必認同我的觀點,但懇請看看以下我提出的四個問題,這是我對近日韓農現象的一些反思。

問題一

幫助韓農是否只有反世貿一方法?

如果你有留意我之前的文章或回應,你應該知道我是支持補償因貿易而蒙受損失的人士的(我至少說了三次)。所以即使幫助韓農是社會的大前題,韓國政府至少有兩件事可以做,一是不開放大米市場,繼續補貼韓農,二是開放大米市場,但以(增加)其他的福利補償韓農的損失,如免費再培訓,或更左一點,直接派錢給韓農。第一個選擇是反貿易,第二個選擇是支持貿易。

更具體起說,第一個選擇下,受惠者只有韓農,受害者包括全韓國市民(因為要捱貴米)及一眾有望賣米到韓國的發展中國家的農民(可能也包括發達國家如歐盟的農民,但我感覺大家討厭歐盟,所以他們受害與否大家可以不理)。第二個選擇下,可謂三贏,韓國市民不用捱貴米,發展中國家的農民可以賣米到韓國,韓農呢?政府直接派錢,生活得到保障。

當然,韓國政府未必輕易派錢,所以NGOs及一眾壓力團體應該幫助韓農向政府施壓,爭取實現第二個選擇。反正也是向政府施壓,我實在不明為何我們要為韓農爭取一個獨贏的方案(反貿易),而非三贏的方案(貿易加社會補助)。

 

問題二

究竟韓農是發達國家的農民還是發展中國家的農民?

今天東方頭版有以下一段:

「韓農所到之處吸引不少市民圍觀,家住觀塘的王太特別帶同小六的女兒前來,她表示,富庶國家蠶食窮國經濟,韓國農民為爭取自己的權益而抗爭,值得支持。」

坦白說,我讀後真是無名火起。「富庶國家蠶食窮國經濟」我基本贊同,但韓國是一個窮國嗎?如上篇所述,我查詢CIA的World Factbook, 韓國的國民生產人均值為19200美元,在全球二百三十多個國家及地區中排第五十二(請參閱跨國排名),比葡萄牙還要高。為方便大家比較,新西蘭的為23200美元,希臘21300美元,以色列20800美元,葡萄牙17900美元,肯亞1100美元,贊比亞900美元,埃賽俄比亞800美元。為了證實CIA的資料無誤,我再到聯合國的統計資料庫去印證,查到韓國的國民生產人均值為17971美元,在166個國家中排第二十九,謹次於科威特。

換句話說,韓農和歐盟的農民有很大的分別嗎?不要忘記,葡萄牙和希臘也是歐盟的成員(葡萄牙和希臘的國民收入和韓國差不多)!如果大家支持韓國政府補貼韓農,不打緊,但請不要持雙重標淮,即一方面反對歐盟補貼其農民,另一方面又支持另一個富國(至少不是窮國)的農民增取補貼。

問題三

究竟反世貿者是否只有韓農?

這條問題是問inmediahk的編輯部的。

韓農的抗爭手法,奇招百出,吸引主流媒體的廣泛報導不足為奇,但作為一個以「促進社會關懷,開拓人文知識,深化思想空間,提供有進步視野的多元資訊」的「獨立媒體」,你們是否應該超越對韓農的正反論述,多介紹其它的抗爭隊伍的訴求?但事實上,這幾天我在inmediahk看到的報道和討論,關於韓農的佔絕大多數。給我的感覺是,inmediahk一點也不獨立,它只是為反主流媒體論述而存在的寄生體(至少直至今日為止,主流傳媒的論述,普遍是否定韓農)。

當然,你可以說,主流傳媒對韓農有太多的誤解,作為一「獨立媒體」,你們有責任為韓農說句話。這個我不反對,但是否值得為了幫一個抗爭團體澄清,而犧牲了其它抗爭團體的申訴立場的空間?

我在上篇說韓農和其它國家的農民的利益(至少在某程度上)是對立的,有人反對。但不說別的,單看這幾天的傳媒政治,便能說明我的意思。傳媒注意力從來是一個零和遊戲:餅就只有這麼一個,你拿多一塊時,我將得到更少。當韓農成為頭條英雄時,非洲的農民(或其它國家的)自然受到冷落,難道他們不比韓農慘嗎?

再說,韓農的奇招反映了什麼呢?除了反映了一個「慘」字外,還有的是他們有強大的組織能力,熟練的示威技巧(準備了救生衣跳海),及豐富的應付傳媒經驗(從他們和傳媒的應對可以看到)。可悲的是,以上三樣都是很多窮國的農民所缺乏的。事實上,很多窮國的農民連到香港示威的機票也買不起(如果你活在贊比亞,全年只賺九百美元(韓國人年賺19200美元),你肯定不可能買機票到香港),更遑論像韓農般累積豐富的示威及傳媒經驗。

就是因為韓農有錢買機票,就是因為他們有豐富的「實戰示威」經驗,所以他們的慘受到「公認」,所以他們可以壟斷我們的注意力,甚至乎是同情,這無疑是對比韓農的處境更慘的窮國農的莫大諷刺。

問題四

即使報導韓農,我們應用什麼角度報導呢?

這條問題也是問inmediahk的編輯部的。

在「獨立媒體」這裡,我看到太多對韓農的感性(如非煽情)報導,如放在「今日的焦點評論/報導」葉蔭聰的「韓國農民艱苦的一天」是為一例。不要誤會,我並非反對感性報道,但如果太多的訴諸感性,那和東方太陽有何分別?inmediahk的宗旨不是「帶動社會公眾,以不同角度深化社會、政治及文化議題,促進社會關懷,開拓人文知識,深化思想空間,提供有進步視野的多元資訊,連結國際、海峽兩岸及本地,以建立成熟並富批判性的思想氛圍,探討進步的社會實踐方式」嗎?

為什麼捨同日刊登梁文道的「為了民主,反對世貿」而取「韓國農民艱苦的一天」?前者遠較後者能「深化思想空間」及「建立成熟並富批判性的思想氛圍」。

最後我想說,我對富國的雙重標准(補貼自己農民,但要求窮國取消有關補貼)是極端厭惡的,我想在這裡的大部份人也有此感覺。所以我支持歐盟取消對國內農民的補貼,我想這裡很多人也支持。但取消補貼後,法國的農民、德國的農民等,一樣會受到影響,情況就如韓農一樣。難道那時我們又去支持歐盟的農民爭取更多的補貼嗎?

究竟大家是為了公義而抗爭,還是為了自我感覺良好(如令自己覺得是『弱勢社群』的救星)而抗爭呢?

 

 

 

 

 

回應

原則是重要的

我同意你的態度, 原則是十分重要的. 這裡我要提出另兩個觀點.

第一, 派錢給農民事實上就是補貼. 嚴格來說, 所有對有工作能力的人提供社會保障, 甚至是低息貸款, 其實都是貿易補貼, 只是社會保障並非構成傾銷的重要成因. 如果韓國可以派錢給農民, 那麼歐盟也可以派錢給農民, 可以想像, 韓國農民又不是一樣要失業, 破產與自殺嗎?

第二, 我們要深思反貿易與保護主義是否就是壞事. 如果商品在生產過程中, 沒有加入適當保護自然的措施(如美國蝦事件), 沒有確保勞工權利(由童工生產, 工時過長, 工資過低), 沒有尊重人權(由勞役或強迫所生產), 我是堅決支持禁運的. 我們不應反對保護, 只是要保護的, 並不是國家, 而是勞工與環境. 換句話說, 如果富國的農民受窮國農民的自然打擊, 而那些窮國農民並不是面對人權或自然上的不公義, 富國農民理應部分分擔窮國農民的困難. 如果窮國農民面對人權與自然上的不公義, 我們可以認定這是不公平競爭, 可給予抵制.

這裡面對一個問題是, 不少未企業化公司化的農民, 他們是自僱的, 他們不能提供適當的勞工權利. 不論是企業化或是國營化, 都無可否認, 全球農民的數目仍是過剩. 我們要去想方法保護他們原有的職業, 這是走歪路. 想方法保護他們有尊嚴地轉職, 才是各國不論貧富都要肩負的責任.

可否於其他專欄討論

民間記者是報導的欄位, 討論與意見表達, 請移玉步於學問或健筆等. 另編輯部太忙, 無暇回應, 日後再談.

時加警剔

多謝student的提醒,我們會努力。
補充一點是梁文道的鴻文因為已在明報上刊登,相信已得到讀者留意。

請見諒

我不知道這篇文不是你的著作, 請見諒.

從來沒有把你當是敵人

想先回應一下詢問inmedia 的問題:

1. 說實在的, 編輯部和民間記者間的組織十分鬆散, 組織本身沒有特定立場(所以我們絕對歡迎你的文章), 但幾乎每一個個人都有自己的立場, 而且同質性相當高,所以當大家各自寫出自己的想法時,便會出現好像都統一口徑。但我想指出,在獨立媒體上,論述權是開放的,每個人都可以將文章貼上來,同時也得接受別人的批評和回應。

我絕對贊成你所言,應該盡量從多各度去看整件事,這也是我們樂於見到的。事實上,我也不覺得這裡的討論都是一面倒的聚焦於南韓農民,有談及東南亞漁民、中國農民、台灣農民及工人,有從會場內看世貿的角度,也有批判傳媒報導手法、警察權力、抗爭手法、市民心聲等。當然,進步的空間還有很多,像你的參與也為這兒的討論提供了另一個視角。

2. 選擇放上焦點的文章,通常基於報導的時間性、新鮮感、可讀性、題材、和當時有甚麼其他選擇而定的,由一個編輯建議、至少一個編輯和議和沒有編輯反對的情況下決定。選擇聰頭的文章而不選梁文道的文章,一來是時間性問題,二來是如梁寶所言,梁文道的文章已經在明報登過。這當中沒有一個嚴緊的過程和規定,主要靠編輯部之間的討論和共識,而目的則是希望引發最多的討論。

感謝意見

我一直覺得student是不錯的辯論對手,雖然我不同意他/她的大部份觀點,但獨立媒體應該歡迎不同意見對辯的.

至於拙文是否讓人有深刻的反思?與梁文道的文章比較誰較好?這便只有讓讀者評價了,我只想說,拙文與梁文道的文章的類型不同,各有其功能,梁文也寫得非常好(其實是我貼的),如果有編輯建議成為焦點,我也不會反對.

至於拙文的意義,我想還是有的,今天"民間監察世貿聯盟"批評警方的做法,部份資料便是來自這篇文章,而當媒體只關心示威者的(潛在)「暴力」,卻很少思考警察的明顯及隱藏的暴力,拙文還是有意義的.

謝謝你關心in-media的編輯方針,我想,編輯的過程是永遠值得爭辯的話題.

不過,希望student不要把所有社會運動的投入都簡單視為"感性"的東西,而又把感性視為沒有反思價值的東西.

先回麥當勞

這篇絕對是我寫的。

我又錯了

因為我是讀 rss 而直接點入這篇文章的, 在回應時沒有看清楚欄位是[民間記者], 只看見是一篇很有觀點的文章, 以為可以論點來論點住, 所以就回應了兩點.

以後大家提醒這是[民間記者]欄, 我又誤會這是一篇引述或報導. 我一連誤會了兩次.

Raise your hand if you feel INSULTED by "..還是為了自我感覺良好(如令自己覺得是『弱勢

問題一
幫助韓農是否只有反世貿一方法?
Your 三贏的方案 w/ "free trade"+ "其他的福利補償" --can welfare help the broke farmers out of poverty, when it is created by WTO after their rice market is FORCED to open into this imbalance trade situation under "free trade"? I am not sure, but I only know policies favouring your own countries' industry will be condemend by the WTO as 'unfair trade'.

If you say 再培訓, does it mean that their present mode of farming is 'backward' so they need to be trained to grow crops with 'advanced' method like the USA does, that'll make their crops more competitive? "捱貴米": If the USA crops dumped to them is cheaper than production cost bc of subsidy, how far can Koreans and other farmers go to lower price to 'compete' and still be able to make a living?

by anti WTO I don't mean 'no trade', but anti WTO's compulsory force open other nation's markets etc. Havn't people said these points MANY times here already?

問題二
究竟韓農是發達國家的農民還是發展中國家的農民?
You are exactly right in saying that those European smaller countries are also not rich, because in fact, WTO is ruining small farmers all over the world. You see HK anti WTO folks didn't write "Help Koreans Only" in their slogan.

I remember reading someone wrote here, that the present form of neo-liberalism + globalisation is actually making the world not divided into rich / poor nations, but a transnational rich & poor w/ an increasing distance, so multi-national corporates are the "rich", and there're poor workers/farmers all over the world. And we are against such polarization, REGARDLESS of the sufferer's country is 1st or 3rd world.

And, I (not only me) somehow foresee our Chinese farmers will/are suffer(ing) the same fate as the Korean farmers now. So in cheering for the Koreans we are cheering for the 'global' poor as well.

問題四
即使報導韓農,我們應用什麼角度報導呢?

Wow it would be a delight if Inmedia can 「...以不同角度深化社會、政治及文化議題,促進社會關懷,開拓人文知識,深化思想空間,...以建立成熟並富批判性的思想氛圍,探討進步的社會實踐方式」 in EVERY essay!!!!!

you said: "我對富國的雙重標准... 是極端厭惡的,所以我支持歐盟取消對國內農民的補貼...但取消補貼後,法國的農民、德國的農民等,一樣會受到影響,情況就如韓農一樣..." Many ppl here said MANY times, that cancel out unfair subsidy is NOT the only way of solving the problem. Many people here are challenging the fundamentals of WTO's so called "free trade" (this name is so sweet), that ,both by "market forces", making poorer nations sell their crops and labour cheaply, and by political means force open other's markets and interfere with internal policies. Unfair subsidy makes things worse. But even if that's cancelled, if in perfectly "FREE" trade without barrier, MAKING super poor nations to COMPETE with rich nations in a NAKED market is the most UNFAIR thing in the world!

"究竟大家是為了公義而抗爭,還是為了自我感覺良好(如令自己覺得是『弱勢社群』的救星)而抗爭呢?" -
Readers, raise your hand if you feel INSULTED by this comment. (or you guys are so USED to something like that?)

This line is no more intelligent than roadside comments of any protest: "佢地收左錢(出來行)之嗎,哈哈". If I use your logic, shd i say "你咁堅持同佢地拗, 係因為你想證明自己好口岩, 人地好蠢 + 自己讀左d經濟學就當係聖經"? (system generated message only, ha ha ha) Well, I'll be more 自我感覺良好 if there's no need to go protest and i can lie in bed.

(to readers) Sorry I'm being too long

請問農民過剩背後的邏輯

想問問麥當勞,農民的問題是出於農民過剩這個論點,是如何得出來的?

被指過剩並要轉職的,概不會是美國之類佔了優勢的農民,而應該是那些在加入WTO遊戲後,難以靠農業維生的農民吧?如中國的、如南韓的。以此推論,在淘汰及轉職後,你是否認為應該是由那些在國際市場上佔了強勢的農產地(背後原因且略),成為全球基本糧食的供應者?

student, 與其批評,不如實地報導

student,
InMedia是一個開放的平台,全民皆可為民間記者,所以與其批評編輯部未能全面報導反世貿示威情況等等,那倒不如請你親身參與,選擇自己有與趣的題材實地報導。這兒的民間記者許多都是自發的,大家都是義務性質,無論人力及財力都根本無從與主流媒體相比,而且大家亦多少會按個人偏好或專長選擇報導的題材或角度。

我個人覺得獨立/另類媒體不一定要比主流媒體更全面更客觀,更重要的是讓平常無法在主流媒體發聲的弱勢社群能有發聲的渠道。

反世貿遊行還有兩天,且趁最後兩天到維園看看,或在示威隊伍中拿取傳單看看,或親身採訪示威者(只需說自己是民間記者即可),了解他們的訴求,也許到時你有全新的體驗。

Dead Cat, I hope I won't insult you again.

Let me reply Dead Cat first because his/her comment seems most interesting to me. (I hope Dead Cat does not find the word "interesting" too insulting here.)

++Your 三贏的方案 w/ "free trade"+ "其他的福利補償" --can welfare help the broke farmers out of poverty, when it is created by WTO after their rice market is FORCED to open into this imbalance trade situation under "free trade"? I am not sure, but I only know policies favouring your own countries' industry will be condemend by the WTO as 'unfair trade'.++

Since you are not sure, I do not feel it necessary to make a reply here. But I do want to ask what "policies" you are talking here? If they refer to trade barriers, yes, I think so. But certainly not all social welfare programs (directed to help farmers) fall under that rubric.

++If you say 再培訓, does it mean that their present mode of farming is 'backward' so they need to be trained to grow crops with 'advanced' method like the USA does, that'll make their crops more competitive? ++

You stretched my meaning too far. Retraining can refer to gaining other work skills. One may say, "why do they need to be retrained?" Because they may go unemployed otherwise. Their unemployment is not only a cost to themselves, but also a loss to society. Society (slash government) should make every individual fully exert her potential. Retraining (or like our education at school) offers such an opportunity.

++If the USA crops dumped to them is cheaper than production cost bc of subsidy, how far can Koreans and other farmers go to lower price to 'compete' and still be able to make a living?++

This is why I do not like subsidies, esp. those given by rich countries.

++by anti WTO I don't mean 'no trade', but anti WTO's compulsory force open other nation's markets etc. Havn't people said these points MANY times here already?++

I also said many times here that I am fully aware of the problems of WTO, including some of those that you mentioned.

++You are exactly right in saying that those European smaller countries are also not rich, because in fact, WTO is ruining small farmers all over the world.++

Show me the evidence how WTO is ruining small farmers all over the world. By evidence, I mean statistical evidence (anecdotal evidence counts, but generalizability remains questionable). Look, all big farmers / farming corps in the West started with a small production (i.e. as small farmers). They are not gigantic by nature. Then, thanks to the subsidies doled out by their government, they grew in size and became those commerical farming corporations. So at least for some small farmers, trade, if not WTO, helped them a lot - at least helped them become transnational farming corporations. I am worrying that if you let those South Korean farmers get trade-related subsidies from their government today, we will see some more transnational farming corps tomorrow - with Korean names.

++I remember reading someone wrote here, that the present form of neo-liberalism + globalisation is actually making the world not divided into rich / poor nations, but a transnational rich & poor w/ an increasing distance, so multi-national corporates are the "rich", and there're poor workers/farmers all over the world. And we are against such polarization, REGARDLESS of the sufferer's country is 1st or 3rd world.++

I am surprised if what you meant is that you learnt this process only from here. Karl Marx has already shown the world this whole process more than a hundred years ago.

If you hate WTO because you hate capitalism, fine. I fully respect those individuals (like how I admire Long Hair). I am just annoyed by people who fuck WTO, but fail to see (or mention) that much of the problem that they talk about is the ill of capitalism.

So what I am saying here is that for those who are at heart anti-capitalism, please speak it up and let others know that you are not just taking on the small guy (WTO etc), but also the big guy (the entire capitalist edifice). And for those who agree with capitalism (in the broad sense), please stop using those broad critiques of capitalism to make your anti-WTO case (broad critiques include those against competitions). In a nutshell, this is a matter of integrity.

++And, I (not only me) somehow foresee our Chinese farmers will/are suffer(ing) the same fate as the Korean farmers now. So in cheering for the Koreans we are cheering for the 'global' poor as well.++

I am afraid to say that you fail to see the tradeoff here. When you help those Korean farmers by continuing to subsidize them, Chinese farmers (or other countries') would be more likely to suffer because they may not be able to sell their farm products to Korea.

++Wow it would be a delight if Inmedia can 「...以不同角度深化社會、政治及文化議題,促進社會關懷,開拓人文知識,深化思想空間,...以建立成熟並富批判性的思想氛圍,探討進步的社會實踐方式」 in EVERY essay!!!!!++

Wow, did I say that Inmedia has to accomplish these lofty goals in EVERY essay? I would also be delighted if they can make this happen, of course. That said, I just wanted the editorial board to be aware of the discomforting tendency that I myself found in inmediahk.

++Many ppl here said MANY times, that cancel out unfair subsidy is NOT the only way of solving the problem. Many people here are challenging the fundamentals of WTO's so called "free trade" (this name is so sweet), that ,both by "market forces", making poorer nations sell their crops and labour cheaply, and by political means force open other's markets and interfere with internal policies. Unfair subsidy makes things worse. But even if that's cancelled, if in perfectly "FREE" trade without barrier, MAKING super poor nations to COMPETE with rich nations in a NAKED market is the most UNFAIR thing in the world!++

agree no more. This is why I do not want those Korean farmers to get subsidies.

++"究竟大家是為了公義而抗爭,還是為了自我感覺良好(如令自己覺得是『弱勢社群』的救星)而抗爭呢?" -
Readers, raise your hand if you feel INSULTED by this comment. (or you guys are so USED to something like that?)++

Being insulted or not is a subjective feeling. People often feel insulted when they are told that they are wrong (like losing in a debate is quite insulting to many). For instance, I can raise my hand here because I feel insulted by your criticisms. But, at least to me, what is the point of raising my hand and yell, " I am insulted!!!!"? Rather, what I should do is to take your words and think and respond with reason.

So what is crucial here is not that whether my comments make others feel insulted, but whether my comments constitute any personal offenses like discriminations based on race, gender, religion, political affiliation, etc.

But no, the question that I asked is no discriminations based on the above things.

++This line is no more intelligent than roadside comments of any protest: "佢地收左錢(出來行)之嗎,哈哈". ++

I never claim that my comment is more intelligent than the roadside comment above. But it seems that you implicitly assume that those protesters did not get paid for protesting. To me, this implicit assumption is quite misleading.

Why?

Let us consider this example.

You serve as a juror in a murder case and you take bribe from the murderer and make a verdict of not guilty. Somehow I, your friend, learn what you have done. So I say to you,"究竟你是為了公義而判決,還是為了金錢而判決呢?" Probably you would be insulted by my words (despite the fact that you did take the bribe), but my words are perfectly relevant here (though may not be necessarily more intelligent than those roadside comments.)

Caveat: I am not stating that all activists are 為了自我感覺良好(如令自己覺得是『弱勢社群』的救星)而抗爭. This is why I make it a question, so that people can think about it themselves.

++If I use your logic, shd i say "你咁堅持同佢地拗, 係因為你想證明自己好口岩, 人地好蠢 + 自己讀左d經濟學就當係聖經"? (system generated message only, ha ha ha) ++

I never deny - in fact, I am happy to tell you - that I feel happy when I can convince others of what I think is right. Just like when I can convince my friends (who do not like democracy) the good things about democracy, I feel really delighted. But my pleasure does not come from knowing that others are stupid, just like your motivation of participating in social movements (I assume that you have) may not come from knowing that others are callous.

By the way, did I use any economic theory in this post? I think I can use some, but I chose not to because I hate throwing jargons/academic theories in others' face, which may make me feel better, but won't help me convince others.

I have no religion, so the Bible does not mean anything to me.

回覆

麥當勞

遲覆了。不好意思。

先回第一點。你真是個明眼人。我寫的時候也想要不要寫「直接派錢」,因為嚴格來說,「直接派錢」即等同農業補貼。但容我使用不嚴格一次吧,我想的「直接派錢」其實是大量社會福利,例如免費保送農民(及其子女)上大學、免費公營房屋(但不能私人買賣)等,某程度上,這些優惠算是派錢吧。

第二點很好。我完全贊同,那是對此討論很好的補充。

fred

感謝你的回應。我寫完後也想,這裡編輯部的工作似乎不多,主要靠民間記者維持。所以可以把「這條問題是問inmediahk的編輯部的」改為「這條問題是問inmediahk的所有民間記者的」。

葉先生

我絕對沒有「把所有社會運動的投入都簡單視為"感性"的東西,而又把感性視為沒有反思價值的東西.」

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